{"id":25116,"date":"2016-01-21T13:05:22","date_gmt":"2016-01-21T19:05:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/?p=25116"},"modified":"2016-01-21T13:05:22","modified_gmt":"2016-01-21T19:05:22","slug":"and-the-record-for-the-warmest-year-goes-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/and-the-record-for-the-warmest-year-goes-to\/","title":{"rendered":"And the record for the warmest year goes to&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>By Danielle Prieur<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"dropcap\">It should come as no surprise to Chicagoans that 2015 was the hottest year on record. A snow-free, unseasonably warm holiday season surely gave Chicagoans a clue \u2013 2015 is the hottest year on record.<\/p>\n<p>What may come as a surprise to some is that Chicago and the Midwest aren\u2019t alone &#8211; the hottest year on record hit the entire United States and rest of the globe.\u00a0 And 2015 follows a string of recent record-breaking warm years linked to global warming.<\/p>\n<p>This uniform warming is \u201cthe big story\u201d of weather data in 2015, said Gavin A. Schmidt, director of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies at NASA, and Thomas R. Karl, director of NOAA\u2019s National Climate Data Center, at a media conference call on Wednesday.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s record warmth that was spread all over the world. All the oceans participated, from the tropical Atlantic to the Pacific to the Indian Ocean and many continental areas including South America, Central America, Asia and Europe,\u201d said Karl.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25134\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25134\" style=\"width: 1100px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25134 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/01\/Map-of-Warmth.jpg\" alt=\"Courtesy of NOAA-Map of Local and Global Temperatures for 2015\" width=\"1100\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/medill.wordpress.offload\/WP%20Media%20Folder%20-%20medill-reports-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/01\/Map-of-Warmth.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/medill.wordpress.offload\/WP%20Media%20Folder%20-%20medill-reports-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/01\/Map-of-Warmth-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/medill.wordpress.offload\/WP%20Media%20Folder%20-%20medill-reports-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/01\/Map-of-Warmth-768x408.jpg 768w, https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/medill.wordpress.offload\/WP%20Media%20Folder%20-%20medill-reports-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/01\/Map-of-Warmth-1024x544.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25134\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA\/NASA-Map of Local and Global Temperatures for 2015<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Although shivering Chicagoans may not \u00a0feel the one degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit) increase in temperature from baseline temperatures set in the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century, we all felt the warmer October, November, and December \u00a0experienced across the globe.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTen of the 12 months have the warmest global temperatures. Two months &#8211; January and April &#8211; did not break the record. That\u2019s the first time we\u2019ve seen that 10 out of 12 months break the all time previous global average temperature [record]. You can see in December and in autumn, records have been broken by substantial margins, much more than what we saw earlier in the year,\u201d said Karl.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25135\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25135\" style=\"width: 1100px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25135 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/01\/Months-Map.jpg\" alt=\"Courtesy of NOAA\/NASA-Map of Global Temperatures for 2015\" width=\"1100\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/01\/Months-Map.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/01\/Months-Map-300x175.jpg 300w, https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/01\/Months-Map-768x449.jpg 768w, https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/01\/Months-Map-1024x599.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25135\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">NOAA\/NASA-Map of Global Temperatures for 2015<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>If the unseasonably warm weather in Chicago during the fall and winter months seems familiar that\u2019s because 2014, previously held the record for the warmest year. But in 2015, Schmidt said a combination of natural phenomena like El Nino added to human-forced climate change, giving temperatures a push that beat the 2014 record.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen we do have an El Nino event going on, you do see a progressive warming of global mean temperature and in almost all cases El Nino starts and annual temperature responds maximally in six months &#8211; four to six months,\u201d Schmidt said. \u201cThe trend over time regardless of the El Nino phase is why we\u2019re having a record warm year. If it was just an El Nino year, it would be like the other years. The reason it is such a warm record year is because of the long term underlying trend.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But with nobody in Chicago complaining about the warmer weather, and only a one-degree change, is the warming trend something to worry about?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe fact there are winners and losers under warming is one of the reasons why it\u2019s so difficult to get widespread agreement about trying to restrict the human impact on climate,\u201d said NASA climatologist Claire Parkinson, of the Goddard Space Flight Center.<\/p>\n<p>Parkinson used the analogy of \u201cthe Great Smog\u201d in London in 1952. Smog caused by over-burning coal for heating and industrial fuel killed thousands of people in one week. Nobody was concerned about air pollution before, but after people died the Clean Air Act of 1956 was passed to address pollution in England.<\/p>\n<div class=\"quoteright\">\u201cIf we don\u2019t do anything about climate change, it hurts a lot more.\u201d &#8211; Climatologist Richard Alley<\/div>\n<p>The same can be said for the warming trend.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re fairly committed to the second degree [Celsius] and it starts to move us outside of experience,\u201d said climatologist. Richard Alley, a geosciences professor at Penn State and a frequent expert sought by Congress to testify on climate change.<\/p>\n<p>The analogy Alley uses to explain what might happen if the warming trend continues is to just imagine you\u2019re a gardener in Chicago.<\/p>\n<p>The temperature is one degree Celsius warmer and doesn\u2019t affect the garden you\u2019ll be planting. But what if it gets warmer yet and you can no longer plant the vegetables you normally do? You might have to find alternatives that grow in warmer climates. And what if it gets even warmer, so warm that even the plants that usually grow in hotter climates can\u2019t grow?<\/p>\n<p>On a larger scale, experts already point to changes in crops and harvests that could threaten breadbasket states such as Illinois and Iowa.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf we don\u2019t do anything about climate change, it hurts a lot more. Long term the failure [to act] will be much more costly,\u201d Alley said.<\/p>\n<p>We can all make a difference. There are many preventative measures we can take to help slow climate change.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe should do as much as we can within reason. We can\u2019t stop impacts altogether. But we certainly can try as hard as we can to limit how much we are pouring into the atmosphere and into the oceans and try to limit that,\u201d Parkinson said. \u201cThere are all sorts of ways as individual people and as a society.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Parkinson&#8217;s suggestions are easy to adopt: recycle more at home and when eating out,\u00a0 take public transit instead of driving to school or work, and Skype into meetings instead of flying \u00a0long distances.<\/p>\n<p>Although we may not feel the effects of these small actions,\u00a0 just as we don\u2019t feel the effects of warming yet, the record temperatures of 2015 reinforce concerns about a problem that can no longer be ignored.<\/p>\n<div class=\"&quot;featurecaption\">Even with a frosty January in Chicago, global temperatures are rising. (Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/acidpix\/5721497377\/in\/photolist-9HAaQv-pDPjVc-9vm3rm-5SZVr2-5U2LDV-5U7qA5-adwaWV-oHeY4v-ktYU9-otnht6-x8MBKx-67q5o2-aTuQm-vpeDUC-5gDKH2-bfQHeT-je2BdM-A8oFQ4-xnUB1b-sK6cBM-i5Uvmh-4amPRF-98WCTW-8r7iNT-98TC7p-98TAvk-98WHgC-98Txwz-98Tw5v-98Ttag-98WzSL-8XD6nH-8XG6Eb-dxuPxb-bPpS7F-65PYwT-6Gvfse-6567PB-3NKiJ-qPF2JF-2sR8k-pC5M31-poyfAF-CFnUcC-7mstQp-4DXj1m-8t3hyq-4keeLT-6BJCri-5xEDN3\" target=\"_blank\">FLICKR user<\/a>)<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Danielle Prieur It should come as no surprise to Chicagoans that 2015 was the hottest year on record. A snow-free, unseasonably warm holiday season surely gave Chicagoans a clue \u2013 2015 is the hottest year on record. What may come as a surprise to some is that Chicago and the Midwest aren\u2019t alone &#8211; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":217,"featured_media":25144,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[452,28,29,585],"tags":[506,865,861,863,192,864,862],"class_list":["post-25116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-beyond-chicago","category-general-interest","category-health-and-science","category-winter-2016","tag-climate-change","tag-el-ninola-nina","tag-global-warming","tag-nasanoaa","tag-promo","tag-warmest-year-on-record","tag-warming-trend"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>And the record for the warmest year goes to... - Medill Reports Chicago<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/and-the-record-for-the-warmest-year-goes-to\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"And the record for the warmest year goes to... - Medill Reports Chicago\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Danielle Prieur It should come as no surprise to Chicagoans that 2015 was the hottest year on record. A snow-free, unseasonably warm holiday season surely gave Chicagoans a clue \u2013 2015 is the hottest year on record. 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