{"id":34177,"date":"2016-03-02T16:12:57","date_gmt":"2016-03-02T22:12:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/?p=34177"},"modified":"2016-03-02T16:24:31","modified_gmt":"2016-03-02T22:24:31","slug":"chinas-famed-terra-cotta-warriors-returned-to-chicago-after-more-than-30-years","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/chinas-famed-terra-cotta-warriors-returned-to-chicago-after-more-than-30-years\/","title":{"rendered":"China\u2019s Famed Terra-cotta Warriors Return to Chicago After More Than 30 Years"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Chencheng Zhao and Shanshan Wang<\/strong><\/p>\n

Terra-cotta warriors, one of the greatest archeological finds of the 20th century, will return to Chicago first time after more than 30 years at the \u201cChina\u2019s First Emperor and His Terra-cotta Warriors\u201d exhibition at The Field Museum opening Friday.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

Related stories<\/h2>\n

Field Museum believes warriors may lure Chicagoans to China<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s truly a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience,\u201d said Richard Lariviere, president and CEO of The Field Museum.<\/p>\n

The exhibit, which runs through Jan. 8, features more than 170 objects, including bronze artifacts, weaponry, nine statues of warriors and a horse. This year The Field Museum is the only place in North America the warriors can be seen, since their debut in Chicago in 1980.<\/p>\n

\u201cTerra-cotta warriors not only represent the splendid Chinese ancient civilization\u00a0but also reflect the wisdom and artistic talents of the mankind 2000 years ago,\u201d Zhao Weiping, Chinese consul general in Chicago, told a press conference Tuesday.<\/p>\n

In 1974, a local farmer in Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi Province in northwestern China first discovered the vast burial complex surrounding about 7,000 warriors when he was digging a well in his village. This underground army was created to guard China\u2019s first emperor, Qin Shihuangdi for eternity.<\/p>\n

The warriors, with an average height of 6-feet, impressed the world with their mass scale and the uniqueness of each figure. Due to different molds and details added by hand, each warrior has his own face and hairstyle. In addition to beards and mustaches, hair was shaped in plaits, French rolls, and buns. Their attire reveals their roles in the army\u2014the generals with heavy \u00a0armor, \u00a0while foot soldiers were dressed for speed in light tunics and pants for maneuvering quickly.<\/p>\n

Uniformly in the color of terra cotta, however, \u201cthey didn\u2019t come like that,\u201d said Lu Zhang, a researcher at The Field Museum. Zhang said that the warriors lost their luster soon after the excavation as a result of oxygenation of the mineral pigments in paints used on the face and the costumes. The exhibition restores the original look of the warriors using a set of models.<\/p>\n

Field researcher Zhang said the figures are brownish, the color of terra cotta. However, \u201cThey didn\u2019t come like that,\u201d she said. Zhang said the warriors lost their luster soon after the excavation as a result of oxygenation of the mineral pigments that painted the face and the costume. The exhibition restores the original look of the warriors in a variety of colors: pink, red, green, blue, black, brown, white and lilac.<\/p>\n

\"2.-Kneeling-Archer-2\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
One of the guardians of the First Emperor\u2019s tomb, this archer would likely have been holding a crossbow. Paint residues on his back suggest that his armor was originally painted bright red. (Photo courtesy of The Field Museum)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"3.-Military-General\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
At 6\u20194\u201d, generals are among the tallest figures in the terra-cotta army. This general is wearing armor adorned with ribbons. A hole under his left arm was likely for a scabbard, from which he could draw a sword using his right hand. (Photo courtesy of The Field Museum)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"6.-View-of-Pit-No.-1\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Significantly taller than average men of the time, around 7,000 of these 6-feet and taller warriors were found buried in three pits. Although they originally held bronze weapons, most of the valuables were looted from the tomb following the First Emperor\u2019s death. (Photo courtesy of The Field Museum)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"IMG_1704\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Compare the scale of the burial complex with The Field Museum by numbers: the pit with 6000 warriors is as big as The Field Museum; the tomb mound is as big as six Field Museums; the entire complex is as big as 2,317 Field Museums. (Photo courtesy of The Field Museum)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"IMG_1694\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
The Chinese used many different colors of paint on the terra-cotta army figures. However, many of these pigments deteriorated over the years. The models represent the original colors of the warriors at the exhibit. (Chencheng Zhao\/ MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"14.-Banliang-Coins\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
When Emperor Qin Shihuang united China, he also standardized its currency to use coins like these. Because of its shape, this type of coin could easily be strung on a rope and carried. This design was used for seven centuries, longer than any other type of Chinese currency. (Photo courtesy of The Field Museum)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"IMG_1692\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
This model shows one of the palaces where the Emperor lived and administered state affairs. The original building wa nearly 200 feet long and 150 feet wide. (Photo courtesy of The Field Museum)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"IMG_1689\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Weighing 40 pounds and quick to shatter, stone armor was not actually worn by soldiers who preferred leather. This artifact was found in a pit among 87 other suits of armor, which most likely served as an armory for Emperor Qin Shihuang\u2019s afterlife. (Chencheng Zhao\/ MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n

Compared with their debut at the Field in 1980 as part of a larger exhibition on the Bronze Age in China, this year\u2019s exhibition provides a larger historical context and delivers a broader story.<\/p>\n

In 221 B.C., Qin Shihuangdi, China\u2019s first emperor vanquished his rivals and unified separate warring states into one powerful nation on a land that today is known as \u201cChina.” For political and military strategy, he constructed the first Great Wall, built roads throughout his vast territory, and standardized China\u2019s script, currency, weights, and measures in a series of successful reforms.<\/p>\n

Qin Shihuangdi concluded the solution to immortality was building a subterranean model of his empire for him to rule in the afterlife, including generals, soldiers, archers, infantrymen, armored officers and more, a whole kingdom that vowed to serve their ruler.<\/p>\n

Qin Shihuang\u2019s ministers began planning the burial when he was enthroned at the age of 13. The emperor took charge in his twenties. Fearing that a huge human sacrifice could decimate the nation\u2019s fighting force, the emperor finally decided to use terracotta warriors instead.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s part of our job as the content team to try to weave that information into our exhibit,\u201d said Gary Feinman, MacArthur Curator of Mesoamerican, Central American\/East Asian Anthropology at the The Field.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe want to make sure that the show not only gives information about the magnificent warriors \u2014the \u2018magnet\u2019 of the exhibition but also allows the audience to know they are from a significant period in Chinese history that related to the pivotal figure of the first emperor, his expansion and unification of China and its impact on the subsequent history.\u201d<\/p>\n

Feinman said the layout of the exhibit gives the audience a feeling of a big historical context with murals, maps and banners of different warrior heads hanging from the ceiling.<\/p>\n

Zhou Kuiying, deputy director general of the Shanxi Province Cultural Relics Bureau, said at the opening that even though the exhibition is not comparable to the historical complex in Shanxi, visitors can still get a glimpse of the glorious Chinese history from a handful of marvelous items on display.<\/p>\n

Over three decades, thousands of craftsmen were involved in the construction. A model at the exhibition shows the process of how artisans built the terra-cotta army. They created each soldier from the bottom up, first pressing the clay into molds to make the feet, and then attaching the legs and building up the torso and arms. Body parts were all constructed separately and then assembled in a production line, as one of the first examples of mass production in recorded history.<\/p>\n

At the first sight of thousands of warriors in Xi\u2019an, Feinman was \u201ccompletely blown away\u201d by the scale and the human effort that went into it, which was just a small part of a much larger complex. \u201cAs an archaeologist, looking at something so large, so detailed and so old always pulls my heartstrings. Even I\u2019ve been studying the past for most of my life, such an incredible site knocked my socks off,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Feinman wrote articles comparing the Qin dynasty with the Roman empire: In the east, the Qin and Han unified and dominated China for 400 years while in the west the Romans conquered and unified much of the Europe for about the same length of time. \u201cIt\u2019s an important contrast,\u201d said Feinman. \u201cIf you look at the subsequent histories of the two sides of Asia, they are very different.\u201d<\/p>\n

Feinman said China following the Han was unified politically at the scale equal or greater than Qin\u2019s regime, while Europe has almost never seen any kind of unification after the Romans. \u201cWe still hear every day about the problems of Europe because they cannot unify all the states, languages and so on. I think that\u2019s the legacy of Qin, that\u2019s the legacy of the first Emperor and the steps that he took to consolidate the different warring state,\u201d said Feinman.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe past is important for understanding the present. A lot of times all over the world people don\u2019t realize that.\u201d<\/p>\n

Photo at top: Chariots were an important part of the Qin army, evidenced by the presence of more than 130 models discovered in the terra-cotta army pits. Although the horses and charioteers were made of clay, the chariots themselves were constructed of wood, which has since rotted away.
\n(Chencheng Zhao\/MEDILL)<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Chencheng Zhao and Shanshan Wang Terra-cotta warriors, one of the greatest archeological finds of the 20th century, will return to Chicago first time after more than 30 years at the \u201cChina\u2019s First Emperor and His Terra-cotta Warriors\u201d exhibition at The Field Museum opening Friday.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":274,"featured_media":34370,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[585],"tags":[192,1957,1954,1955,1956],"class_list":["post-34177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-winter-2016","tag-promo","tag-qin-shihuang","tag-terra-cotta","tag-terra-cotta-army","tag-the-field-museum"],"yoast_head":"\nChina\u2019s Famed Terra-cotta Warriors Return to Chicago After More Than 30 Years - Medill Reports Chicago<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/chinas-famed-terra-cotta-warriors-returned-to-chicago-after-more-than-30-years\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China\u2019s Famed Terra-cotta Warriors Return to Chicago After More Than 30 Years - 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Although the horses and charioteers were made of clay, the chariots themselves were constructed of wood, which has since rotted away. 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