{"id":7397,"date":"2015-02-20T16:39:18","date_gmt":"2015-02-20T22:39:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/?p=7397"},"modified":"2015-02-20T16:41:31","modified_gmt":"2015-02-20T22:41:31","slug":"child-hunger-makes-learning-difficult-especially-in-harsh-winter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/child-hunger-makes-learning-difficult-especially-in-harsh-winter\/","title":{"rendered":"Child hunger makes learning difficult, especially in harsh winter"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Emily Hoerner<\/p>\n

For Chicago\u2019s food insecure children, this season\u2019s blistering cold temperatures may present additional barriers to learning in the classroom.<\/p>\n

When weather is especially harsh, people turn to food services like pantries, soup kitchens and shelters more frequently, said Jim Conwell, communications director at the Greater Chicago Food Depository.<\/p>\n

With an estimated one in six Cook County residents<\/a> using food services each year, added expenses like higher utility costs in the winter cause more families to choose between putting food on the table and paying bills, Conwell said.<\/p>\n

\"Coppin<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Stacks of donated food sit idle before the pantry doors open at 5:45 p.m. on Feb. 9. Volunteers at the Coppin Community Center remain poised before the chaos. Frankye Parham, the food pantry coordinator at the center, says they see between 120 and 220 guests each Monday. (Emily Hoerner\/Medill) \n<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Getting<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Antoinette McGruder (left) walks through the pantry line and decides which type of bread to take home. McGruder and her husband frequent the pantry twice a month. \u201cWe got here 11 o\u2019clock, we\u2019ve been out here ever since,\u201d McGruder says. Monday\u2019s temperature peaked at 31 degrees. (Emily Hoerner\/Medill)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Harder<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Snow makes utilizing the service more difficult, says Frenchie McGruder, a formerly homeless local resident who has been coming to the pantry for about nine months. \u201cIt\u2019s always tough, but it\u2019s tougher in the winter because your ability to get around is compromised,\u201d he says. \nOn Monday, Feb. 2, the city\u2019s fifth largest snowstorm caused the pantry\u2019s doors to remain shut. (Emily Hoerner\/Medill)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Coppin<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
At most stations, attendees can choose food items they prefer. The food is available to residents in three local ZIP codes: 60637, 60621 and 60615. \n\u201cIt\u2019s mostly clients with children,\u201d Parham says. (Emily Hoerner\/Medill)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Fresh<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
The food, donated by local grocery stores and delivered by the Greater Chicago Food Depository, is noticeably different in the wintertime, says Parham, who has run the weekly program since its conception over two years ago. \n\u201cIn the summer I have so much produce, fresh produce,\u201d Parham says. \u201cBut in the winter, it\u2019s kind of [tough], getting fresh produce in here. And they need that.\u201d (Emily Hoerner\/Medill)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Enjoying<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Some residents, like Tania Hayes made the most of the long line. Hayes swayed to the music blaring from the speakers near the entrance. She says the pantry is an opportunity to meet up with her son, who also uses the service. (Emily Hoerner\/Medill)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"More<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\u201cFood insecurity is more than just the lack of food,\u201d Parham says. \u201cFood insecurity is not having a job to get that food. Maybe having some social issues that prevent you from getting that job.\u201d \nShe says these issues need to be addressed. \u201cWe fill a void, but it\u2019s just the tip of the iceberg,\u201d Parham says. (Emily Hoerner\/Medill)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n
The Coppin Community Center in Chicago\u2019s Washington Park neighborhood on the South Side offers pantry services for two hours every Monday evening. (Emily Hoerner\/Medill)<\/div>\n

\u201cThe challenges of winter that anyone in our community deals with [transportation, utility bills], are magnified when you\u2019re struggling to provide food for your family,\u201d Conwell said. \u201cIt\u2019s something that we see every winter.\u201d<\/p>\n

Last year in Chicago, 85 percent of public school children<\/a> qualified for free and reduced breakfast and lunch, according to official data. With nearly 340,000 students falling into this category, food security outside school walls can be an issue.<\/p>\n

\u201cI don\u2019t think we realize how important enough calories and enough good food is for learning and being successful,\u201d said Allison Harmon, an associate professor of sustainable food systems at Montana State University.<\/p>\n

Learning on an empty stomach<\/h1>\n

Harmon said both chronic and short-term hunger can have effects on student learning. Even when schools provide free breakfast and lunch, she said, if a student doesn\u2019t get dinner at home they could be famished by school time.<\/p>\n

\u201cCertainly it can affect their ability to concentrate, it can affect their focus and their attention,\u201d Harmon said. \u201cThey\u2019re going to be at a disadvantage.\u201d<\/p>\n

Megan Mitchell, a biology teacher at Watkins Overton High School<\/a> in Memphis, Tennessee, said she sees a difference in her student\u2019s behavior at the end of the day, hours past lunchtime. A majority of students at Overton qualify for free and reduced lunch, she said.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere\u2019s a different sort of lethargy when a child is not feeling well versus when they don\u2019t care,\u201d Mitchell said. \u201cIf there\u2019s apathy, they\u2019re still going to be engaged with their peers.\u201d<\/p>\n

When students aren\u2019t feeling well or may be hungry, they are often quiet and put their heads down, Mitchell said.<\/p>\n

Lethargy is just one of the ways hunger might manifest in youth, according to Harmon, who has done research on the matter.<\/p>\n

Misbehavior, or missed meal?<\/h1>\n

For 10 years Harmon said she has conducted an exercise with her college students, restricting them to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP, spending guidelines for five days. Her students had to survive the week spending only $3 a day on food.<\/p>\n

Harmon said the nutritional constrictions greatly affected a student\u2019s ability to perform well on exams and pay attention in classes. The food deprivation also caused rage in some participants. For a child, these effects would be even more extreme, she said.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn some cases it\u2019s going to look like bad behavior, it\u2019s going to look like anger or rage,\u201d Harmon said in reference to hunger. \u201cIn other children, it\u2019s going to look like lethargy and for some it\u2019s going to look like an attention deficit.\u201d<\/p>\n

Harmon said many teachers, attuned to their students\u2019 regular behaviors, can recognize hunger and rectify the situation by having snacks on hand.<\/p>\n

Mitchell, who has taught at Overton High School for four years and has mostly ninth-grade students, said she often shares her lunch with her class if students haven\u2019t eaten.<\/p>\n

\u201cI spend a lot of time with these kids,\u201d Mitchell said. \u201cEspecially this point in the year, I can pinpoint who\u2019s going to have issues because they\u2019re bored, or whose behavior is atypical.\u201d<\/p>\n

More than putting food on the table<\/h1>\n

Mitchell said the difficulties her students face probably stem from more than just food insecurity. Many of her students are from low-income families with unstable home lives.<\/p>\n

Aryn Dotterer, an assistant professor of human development and family studies at Purdue University, said if a child is food insecure, there are probably other factors affecting his or her ability to learn. Low-income parents might not be providing quality food and a stimulating, nurturing home environment for the child.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf you\u2019re unsure as a parent where the money is going to come from to pay the bills and provide food, those are stressors that can affect relationships,\u201d Dotterer said.<\/p>\n

And those parent-child interactions matter as a child develops, Dotterer said. More needs to be done to address larger impacts of poverty on children\u2019s learning, but immediate aid, like free food programs, are vital, she said.<\/p>\n

In addition to hot meals at school, food insecure children in Chicago can access some of the 110 church organizations that are part of the city\u2019s safe haven program<\/a>, according to Leslie Fowler, director of nutrition support services for the Chicago Public Schools.<\/p>\n

On snow days, Fowler said students who rely on free meals can access food at churches, soup kitchens and some Chicago Park District buildings. Children could also find comfort at school buildings, which remain open with a small number of staff, she said.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe try to make sure that our schools are seen as safe havens,\u201d Fowler said. \u201cIf it\u2019s needed, we make it available.\u201d<\/p>\n

Photo at top: Stacks of food are available at the Coppin Community Center food pantry in the Washington Park neighborhood on Monday nights. Pantry coordinator Frankye Parham said most of the clients are getting food for households with children. (Emily Hoerner\/Medill)<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Emily Hoerner For Chicago\u2019s food insecure children, this season\u2019s blistering cold temperatures may present additional barriers to learning in the classroom. When weather is especially harsh, people turn to food services like pantries, soup kitchens and shelters more frequently, said Jim Conwell, communications director at the Greater Chicago Food Depository.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":7423,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,29,30,243],"tags":[192],"class_list":["post-7397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-interest","category-health-and-science","category-public-affairs","category-winter-2015","tag-promo"],"yoast_head":"\nChild hunger makes learning difficult, especially in harsh winter - Medill Reports Chicago<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/child-hunger-makes-learning-difficult-especially-in-harsh-winter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Child hunger makes learning difficult, especially in harsh winter - Medill Reports Chicago\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Emily Hoerner For Chicago\u2019s food insecure children, this season\u2019s blistering cold temperatures may present additional barriers to learning in the classroom. 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