{"id":73976,"date":"2018-12-10T20:19:42","date_gmt":"2018-12-11T02:19:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/?p=73976"},"modified":"2018-12-11T16:05:45","modified_gmt":"2018-12-11T22:05:45","slug":"pittsburgh-aftermath-evanston-religious-leaders-consider-active-shooter-responses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/pittsburgh-aftermath-evanston-religious-leaders-consider-active-shooter-responses\/","title":{"rendered":"Pittsburgh aftermath: Evanston religious leaders consider active shooter responses"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Alexis Shanes<\/strong>
\nMedill Reports<\/em><\/p>\n

The thousands-year-old nightmare of anti-Semitism erupted again on Oct. 29, when 11 worshippers at Pittsburgh\u2019s Tree of Life synagogue died in a shooting, likely the deadliest attack against Jews in U.S. history.<\/p>\n

Illinois religious communities, like so many faith groups around the world, recoiled in response, condemning the attack and gathering at solidarity events to mourn the victims. \u201cIt was a wake-up call that this could happen in our communities,\u201d said Andrea London, the senior rabbi at Beth Emet, a reform synagogue in Evanston.<\/p>\n

Evanston\u2019s interfaith group of religious leaders who routinely work together discussed active shooter responses at a recent meeting, London said. She said\u00a0 religious leaders are considering\u00a0 programs such as active shooter training.
\n<\/p>\n

\u201cWe had our clergy meeting last week, and one of the pastors showed us some [active shooter training] videos,\u201d London said. \u201cChurches are thinking about this as well.\u201d<\/p>\n

For London, addressing synagogue security means considering 775 families who call Beth Emet their spiritual home, along with the children enrolled in the institution\u2019s pre-K through sixth-grade school.<\/p>\n

\u201cPhysical safety is very challenging in our day,\u201d London said. \u201cThe most important thing we can do is teach people how to respond if there\u2019s an active shooter.\u201d<\/p>\n

London intends to have active shooter training not just for staff but for congregants as well, she said, although she hasn’t yet scheduled such events.<\/p>\n

And in her community, she\u2019s not alone. London\u00a0 said her colleagues are taking similar proactive approaches.<\/p>\n

\u201cYou have to really weigh protection of the people that work there, worship there, gather there,\u201d said Jessica Gall,\u00a0 Midwest regional director of the Anti-Defamation League. \u201cSense of welcome and sense of openness \u2014 that\u2019s a really delicate balance.\u201d<\/p>\n

The Pittsburgh shooting, while unprecedented, wasn\u2019t an isolated anti-Semitic incident.<\/p>\n

The Anti-Defamation League, a pro-Israel, Jewish non-profit civil rights group, reported a 57 percent increase in U.S. anti-Semitic incidents last year. The ADL recorded 47 anti-Semitic incidents in Illinois in 2017, nearly a five-fold increase from 10 incidents in 2016, said Jessica Gall, ADL Midwest regional director. The state had the 10th-highest number of incidents in the country.<\/p>\n

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Anti-Semitism U.S.<\/a>
\nInfogram<\/a><\/div>\n

Illinois incidents are split almost evenly between vandalism and harassment. The state saw only one instance of anti-Semitic violence between 2012 and 2017. Nationwide, the 2017 numbers mark the second highest since the ADL began tracking incidents in 1979.<\/p>\n

\u201cDepending upon the year, we\u2019ve seen a downward trend,\u201d Gall said. \u201cIt hasn\u2019t changed for the course of many years, for good reason.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Illinois anti-Semitism<\/a>
\nInfogram<\/a><\/div>\n

In Illinois, incidents reported to ADL occurred at universities and elementary schools, synagogues and restaurants, and normally peaceful Jewish and non-Jewish neighborhoods. 2017 also brought bomb threats across the country, one of which targeted a Jewish community center in Hyde Park.<\/p>\n

A different ADL survey from 2015 asked respondents to rate the veracity of 11 negative statements about Jews, such as \u201cJews are more loyal to Israel than to [this country]\u201d and \u201cJews have too much power in the business world.\u201d From the results, based on a survey involving 10,000 phone calls, the ADL projected that 220 million people in 19 countries surveyed harbor anti-Semitic beliefs.<\/p>\n

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Anti-Semitism Heatmap<\/a>
\nInfogram<\/a><\/div>\n

But reports and data don\u2019t always capture the full extent of American anti-Semitism, said Kelley Szany, director of education at the Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center.<\/p>\n

\u201cNo matter if they\u2019re committed against a member of the Jewish community or the Muslim faith or the LGBTQ community, the challenge overall with hate crimes is they\u2019re often not reported to law enforcement,\u201d Szany said.<\/p>\n

A single cause of anti-Semitism is hard to pinpoint, Gall said, calling it \u201cthe $64 million question.\u201d But one element is consistent.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat we really see is that it\u2019s clear that hateful rhetoric in speech relates to hate crimes,\u201d Gall said, pointing back to the ADL\u2019s data. \u201cI don\u2019t think that\u2019s an absurd statement.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hate crimes have seen a shift in past decades, although anti-Semitism, in particular, going back to Old Testament events, is a 2,000-plus-year-old issue, Szany said. And in Illinois, the trend is obvious.<\/p>\n

In the early 1970s, neo-Nazis prepared to march in downtown Skokie \u2014 an area known historically for its religious Jewish community, where thousands of Holocaust survivors lived. The plans ignited widespread public outrage about the rally and anti-Semitic attitudes, opening a fierce debate about free expression in a conflict that went to the U.S. Supreme Court. The court upheld the right to the rally based on the First Amendment guarantee of freedom of speech but, ultimately, the neo-Nazi group never marched in Skokie, holding the event in Federal Plaza in downtown Chicago instead.<\/p>\n

But today\u2019s anti-Semitism in the U.S. has a less obvious appearance, bound instead to cryptic harassment, graffiti, and perceived political ties between American Jews and Israel, London said. While the Jewish community doesn\u2019t often face discrimination on the street or by law enforcement, it is the target of conspiracy theories, many of which are based on money and power.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere are groups that want to target Jews because they think that Jews are taking over the world,\u201d London said.<\/p>\n

Anti-Semitism also isn\u2019t exclusive to the political right, London added, although fewer conflicts arise from the left.<\/p>\n

But the intentions driving the rise in hate crimes \u2014 not just anti-Semitic ones \u2014 have commonalities, Gall said.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf you\u2019re observably religious, I think that can make you more of a target, because [hate crimes are] all about conformity,\u201d she said. \u201cWhat all these \u2018-isms\u2019 and \u2018-obias\u2019 have at the core is targeting someone because of something they could not or would not change about themselves. You\u2019re trying to tear someone down.\u201d<\/p>\n

The increase in hate crimes is a crisis that has led religious leaders of all faiths to move beyond \u201cthoughts and prayers\u201d as they search for ways to improve security and combat hate in their communities.<\/p>\n

\u201cI have been with the museum now for about 16 years,\u201d Szany said. \u201cIt\u2019s a sense of urgency that, I have to say, I\u2019ve not really witnessed.\u201d<\/p>\n

Religious institutions, especially places such as synagogues, Jewish community centers and mosques, should consider security capabilities in terms of budget, Gall said.<\/p>\n

Staff at religious institutions should, at a minimum, have active shooter training, she said. The ADL doesn\u2019t necessarily recommend places of worship have armed guards, she added, addressing calls by some lawmakers, including President Donald Trump, to place armed guards at entrances.<\/p>\n

The mass shooting at a bar in Thousand Oaks, California, that followed the Pittsburgh event by just nine days, killed 12 people, and could have claimed more fatalities. It didn’t, London said, because many of the people at the site were college students who received active shooter training during high school.<\/p>\n

\u201cNow, [training is]just coming to places like synagogues and churches,\u201d she added. \u201cWe realize that we need to make sure that people have those procedures in place.\u201d\u2019<\/p>\n

Active shooter training aren\u2019t the only safeguards against violence in places of worship. An ADL guide more than 100-pages long titled, \u201cProtecting Your Jewish Institution\u201d<\/a> details the precautions faith groups should consider, Gall said.<\/p>\n

The guide recommends immersing security in synagogue culture by establishing procedures for evacuations and lock downs, teaching congregants how to handle suspicious mail, establishing website policies \u2014 posting facility addresses and event information might not always be safe \u2014 and implementing plans for responding to bomb threats.<\/p>\n

\u201cThese are best practices across the board,\u201d Gall said, adding that the guide applies to non-Jewish religious institutions.<\/p>\n

Beth Emet has an established relationship with local public safety officials and emergency responders \u2014 London said someone from the Evanston Police Department walked the building to determine where weak security points might exist \u2014 and the synagogue has cameras on the doors.<\/p>\n

But as congregations aim to improve physical safeguards, they also should continue strengthening their ties within the community to prevent anti-Semitism and hate from penetrating local religious circles.<\/p>\n

Bringing people together wherever possible \u2014 community centers, churches, mosques, Shabbat dinners are examples \u2014 for dialogues among different faiths, backgrounds and perspectives, is, in some respects, a lost art, Szany said.<\/p>\n

\u201cMost congregations of all faiths have to remain vigilant,\u201d Szany said. \u201cBut I think especially it\u2019s so important that they continue to stand with each other and stand in solidarity.\u201d<\/p>\n

A vigil at Beth Emet the evening after the shooting drew leaders from Jewish, Christian, Muslim and Baha\u2019i faiths along with local politicians, London said. Approximately half the community members who packed the synagogue sanctuary weren\u2019t Jewish.<\/p>\n

Interfaith leaders came together a week later at a pre-planned ILHMEC event commemorating the 80th anniversary of Kristallnacht, the deadly 1938 incident in which Nazis torched synagogues and vandalized Jewish property. ILHMEC staff altered the program in response to the shooting, inviting representatives from reform synagogue Congregation Solel, the Muslim Community Center, the Japanese American Service Community, the United Methodist Church and the Chicago Archdiocese to discuss shared experiences of oppression, Szany said.<\/p>\n

Learning how to \u201cagree to disagree\u201d during conversations about anti-Semitism, hatred and discrimination when those topics easily incite emotional responses will allow groups of all faiths to \u201cmove forward from there\u201d to stand up for one another, Szany added.<\/p>\n

\u201c[It\u2019s important that] we don\u2019t come together just in response to violence but that we consistently stay together even in a time where we\u2019re not responding to a crisis,\u201d she said. \u201cWe have a lot more in common faith-wise than we think.\u201d<\/p>\n

Photo at top: A menorah in downtown Evanston. (Alexis Shanes\/MEDILL)<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Alexis Shanes Medill Reports The thousands-year-old nightmare of anti-Semitism erupted again on Oct. 29, when 11 worshippers at Pittsburgh\u2019s Tree of Life synagogue died in a shooting, likely the deadliest attack against Jews in U.S. history. Illinois religious communities, like so many faith groups around the world, recoiled in response, condemning the attack and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":500,"featured_media":73989,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[194,4447,28,30,675],"tags":[192],"class_list":["post-73976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-culture","category-fall-2018","category-general-interest","category-public-affairs","category-social-justice","tag-promo"],"yoast_head":"\nPittsburgh aftermath: Evanston religious leaders consider active shooter responses - Medill Reports Chicago<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/pittsburgh-aftermath-evanston-religious-leaders-consider-active-shooter-responses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pittsburgh aftermath: Evanston religious leaders consider active shooter responses - Medill Reports Chicago\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Alexis Shanes Medill Reports The thousands-year-old nightmare of anti-Semitism erupted again on Oct. 29, when 11 worshippers at Pittsburgh\u2019s Tree of Life synagogue died in a shooting, likely the deadliest attack against Jews in U.S. history. 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