{"id":81599,"date":"2019-06-17T10:12:43","date_gmt":"2019-06-17T15:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/?p=81599"},"modified":"2019-12-06T16:26:19","modified_gmt":"2019-12-06T22:26:19","slug":"through-the-woof-education-could-help-curb-siem-reaps-sky-high-dog-population","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/through-the-woof-education-could-help-curb-siem-reaps-sky-high-dog-population\/","title":{"rendered":"Through the \u2018Woof\u2019 \u2013 Education could help curb Siem Reap\u2019s sky-high dog population"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Karyn Simpson<\/strong>
\nMedill Reports<\/em><\/p>\n

SIEM REAP, Cambodia \u2013 \u201cThere\u2019s a dog!\u201d<\/p>\n

We moved closer to the house and waited patiently for the dog\u2019s barks to bring its owner out to the street \u2013 a routine we\u2019d perfected over 10 days of interviews. We learned quickly that, when trying to talk to dog owners in Siem Reap, Cambodia, finding a dog and letting it sound the alarm proved to be the most expedient way to bring its family outside to speak with us.<\/p>\n

Finding a dog in Siem Reap\u2019s Svay Dangkum Commune isn\u2019t hard. Overpopulation of dogs is a major issue in the area, and dogs seem to be everywhere \u2013 trotting down the orange dirt road in front of us, peeking out from storefronts, napping under tables and digging through the informal garbage dumps that build up on street corners. Some of these dogs belong to owners \u2013 residents often let their dogs roam free, as opposed to locking them in a yard or walking them on a leash like \u201cbarangs\u201d (western dogs). Some of the dogs that wander the commune, though, are strays or street dogs who must take care of themselves.<\/p>\n

But why are there so many dogs, and what can be done to combat overpopulation and improve the health and welfare of both house pets and street dogs in Siem Reap? The matter could be as simple as increasing education and awareness about medical care and sterilization, preliminary research from The School for Field Studies suggests.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u201cWe’re looking a lot at perceptions of dog ownership in Siem Reap, so how that plays in with sterilizations and vaccinations and overall dog welfare,\u201d said Brenna Prevelige, a rising senior from Bucknell University. \u201cThere’s a pretty large overpopulation of dogs right now, which causes a lot of ecological and social threats to humans. So we’re trying to kind of understand perceptions and attitudes towards dogs in order to understand how to best address that problem.\u201d<\/p>\n

To do so, Prevelige and fellow researcher Monika Metro, a rising senior from Virginia Wesleyan University, spent 10 days walking up and down the twisting, red dirt streets in Siem Reap\u2019s Svay Dangkum Commune searching for dogs and the families that owned or took responsibility for them. Metro and Prevelige spent the semester at The School for Field Studies in Cambodia, a study abroad program that culminates in a directed research project where students perform primary environmental research under the direction of an SFS faculty member \u2013 in this case, Megan English, Ph.D., a resident lecturer in conservation science. The Cambodia center is one of 10 SFS locations worldwide.<\/p>\n

In the end, Metro and Prevelige spoke with 35 dog owners about how they take care of their dogs. \u201cDo you feed your dog?\u201d Typically, the answer was yes, dogs are fed with leftover rice and meat, though one exception is Kiki, the very big, male Shepherd mix that is allegedly a very picky eater and likes milk to be included with whatever he eats. Other questions included, \u201cIs your dog sterilized?\u201d (owners overwhelmingly answered with a \u201cno\u201d), and \u201cIs your dog considered a member of the family?\u201d (Almost everyone said \u201cyes.\u201d)<\/p>\n

\u201cWe’re also trying to look at the welfare of the dogs \u2013 specifically household dogs \u2013 and how the households are taking care of them,\u201d Metro said. \u201cWhat type of medical care they’re providing the dog, what type of non-medical care they’re providing the dog with, and with that, where they’re getting their medical care and is it appropriate protocol.\u201d<\/p>\n

These questions served to give Prevelige and Metro not only an inside look into how dogs in the community are perceived, but also how they are treated and what cultural or community practices might be influencing use of formal medical care or giving rise to hesitations surrounding sterilization, which could contribute to the overpopulation.<\/p>\n

What they found was a community that overwhelmingly loves dogs \u2013 91 percent of interview respondents said their dogs were part of their family, according to the research analysis \u2013 and they are doing what they believe is right for them. But the lack of education about medical treatments and sterilization limits their choices.<\/p>\n

For example, while one of the most effective ways to limit the dog population would be to encourage sterilization, 91 percent of the 52 dogs assessed were not sterilized, according to Metro and Prevelige\u2019s research analysis. And 63 percent of respondents said they would not sterilize their dogs, even if given the opportunity. Some respondents attributed this to religion, while some argued that they wouldn\u2019t want the same procedure performed on them \u2013 so they don\u2019t want it done to their dogs \u2013 or that they just wanted their dogs to live freely, happily and naturally.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe found that people were not interested in sterilization,\u201d English said. \u201cThis comes down to Buddhist beliefs in a lot of respects, in that they want the animal to live a full life and enjoy [life] like a human would.\u201d<\/p>\n

While many respondents did attribute this hesitation to Buddhist religion, some Buddhist monks actually support sterilization events at their monasteries as a way to improve quality of life for the dogs and help slow population growth, English said. Based on this, any future efforts to encourage sterilization in the community would likely be best received if it came from the monks themselves, English, Metro and Prevelige all said.<\/p>\n

Misinformation about sterilization added to people\u2019s hesitation.<\/p>\n

\u201cThey also perceived it to hurt the dog a lot,\u201d Metro said. \u201cI think they’ve seen other dogs go through sterilizations and go through a lot of pain and infections, so they thought that if they put their dog through the same thing, it would also go through pain.\u201d<\/p>\n

This seemed to extend to general medical treatments and practices as well. While 54 percent of respondents said they did take their dogs to the vet when problems arose, 29 percent said they treated their dog themselves with the human painkiller Paracetamol (Tylenol), for example. They used this for a variety of conditions,\u00a0 including when the dog was \u201cthrowing up, not eating or injured,\u201d according to the research analysis. Though these dog owners meant well, Paracetamol is dangerous to dogs and can be deadly.<\/p>\n

\u201cA lack of proper care threatens dog welfare and indicates a larger issue of education and implementation of veterinary practices,\u201d Metro and Prevelige wrote in their research analysis.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, respondents were generally receptive to the idea of vaccinating their dogs, likely because \u201cthey do not consider [vaccines] to be altering the health or reproductive status of the dog, which was often considered immoral or against Buddhist beliefs,\u201d Metro and Prevelige wrote in the analysis.<\/p>\n

\u201cFurther studies should examine interest in vaccination events for dogs,\u201d specifically to protect against rabies, Metro and Prevelige wrote in their analysis. While one of the original aims of this study was to gauge interest in sterilization \u2013 not vaccinations \u2013 English said she plans to look into the possibility of working with NGOs to give community members the option to get their dogs vaccinated during events at monasteries in Siem Reap.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe saw interest in vaccination was high, even though we weren’t really asking for that,\u201d Prevelige said. Increasing the number of vaccinated dogs could be a way to improve the general health and welfare of the dogs in the community.<\/p>\n

This project, which built on a 2018 study of dog welfare and perception in rural Cambodia, was conducted with support from the Svay Dangkum Commune authority and Sala Kanseing village authority, representing the study site where Metro and Prevelige interviewed people. The information will be shared with community leaders to help formulate what can be done to slow population growth and improve overall health and welfare.<\/p>\n

While this was student research, meaning that it hasn\u2019t been peer reviewed and more data collection is necessary to gain a complete understanding of the issue and how to move forward, Metro and Prevelige hope that their results can be used to \u201cdetermine future steps of dog population management and veterinary practice in Cambodia,\u201d they wrote in their analysis.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur hope is that our project will help to spread awareness and education,\u201d Metro said. \u201cEven if NGOs can take the research we’ve done on perceptions and try to implement it.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Student researchers Metro and Prevelige (center) conducted interviews with respondents such as this man in the orange shirt in a variety of locations, including this car repair shop. Program assistant Mono Tuot (left) and SFS resident lecturer Megan English (right) also assisted. (Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
While most owners were not interested in sterilization, many households wanted to learn more about vaccination programs in order to keep their dogs healthy. Here, program assistant Annika Franke (left) approaches a respondent\u2019s house while student researcher Brenna Prevelige (center) greets the household dog. (Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Some interviews took place in or around respondents\u2019 homes. Here, interview respondents (left) speak with program assistant Mono Tuot (center-left), student researchers Brenna Prevelige and Monika Metro (center-right), and SFS faculty member Megan English (right). (Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
This male dog, Kiki, was said to be a very picky eater. (Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Kiki\u2019s owner said she sometimes added milk to his bowl to encourage him to eat the rice and meat she typically fed him, but even then, he often left the rice untouched. (Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Dogs are considered members of the family by 91 percent of interview respondents. Here, student researchers Monika Metro and Brenna Prevelige (left), and program assistants Annika Franke and Mono Tuot (center), speak with an interview respondent (right) and her dog.\n(Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Most respondents said they kept dogs for protection and to alert them when strangers approach their house. This dog did her job exceptionally well, jumping up to bark at me and my camera just moments after I snapped this photo. (Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Many people allowed their dogs to roam around the community during the day. This respondent, when asked were her dog was, said he was off \u201changing out.\u201d Here, an interview respondent (left) speaks to student researchers Brenna Prevelige and Monika Metro (center) and program assistant Mono Tuot (right).\n(Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Some of the dogs, such as this one resting beneath a food vendor\u2019s tables, are not \u201cowned\u201d by a family, but are street dogs fed and cared for by a specific person. The food vendor said this male dog is not hers, but she feeds him regularly. (Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Other street dogs are not so lucky and are plagued with sickness and malnutrition. (Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Metro (left) and Prevelige (right) asked interview respondents a list of questions that gave them insights into how dogs are perceived and treated in the community. (Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Part of the overpopulation of dogs in the community could be attributed to community members\u2019 hesitation to sterilize their pets, either because of their religious beliefs or because they want their dogs to be happy and live full lives.\n(Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Other respondents mentioned that they didn\u2019t sterilize their male dogs because the puppies that resulted were not their responsibility. (Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Researching<\/div><\/div><\/div>
Metro and Prevelige assessed each of the 52 household dogs they encountered based on weight and skin condition. The average weight score was a healthy 4.92 on a scale of 5 – the ideal. (Karyn Simpson\/MEDILL)\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n
Photo at top: Fancier dogs are called \u201cbarang\u201d dogs, or \u201cwestern\u201d dogs, and are typically better cared for than Cambodian dogs. These dogs may be confined to a yard instead of roaming free and may receive more cosmetic and veterinary care, according to some interview respondents.
\n(Kary Simpson\/MEDILL)<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Karyn Simpson Medill Reports SIEM REAP, Cambodia \u2013 \u201cThere\u2019s a dog!\u201d We moved closer to the house and waited patiently for the dog\u2019s barks to bring its owner out to the street \u2013 a routine we\u2019d perfected over 10 days of interviews. We learned quickly that, when trying to talk to dog owners in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":515,"featured_media":81601,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,29,30,675,4779],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-interest","category-health-and-science","category-public-affairs","category-social-justice","category-summer-2019"],"yoast_head":"\nThrough the \u2018Woof\u2019 \u2013 Education could help curb Siem Reap\u2019s sky-high dog population - Medill Reports Chicago<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/news.medill.northwestern.edu\/chicago\/through-the-woof-education-could-help-curb-siem-reaps-sky-high-dog-population\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Through the \u2018Woof\u2019 \u2013 Education could help curb Siem Reap\u2019s sky-high dog population - Medill Reports Chicago\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Karyn Simpson Medill Reports SIEM REAP, Cambodia \u2013 \u201cThere\u2019s a dog!\u201d We moved closer to the house and waited patiently for the dog\u2019s barks to bring its owner out to the street \u2013 a routine we\u2019d perfected over 10 days of interviews. 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